Software Watermarking Bibliography

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D. Curran ^(HP), M. O. Cinneide ^(HP), N.J. Hurley ^(HP), and G.C.M. Silvestre ^(HP)
Dependency in software watermarking
In First International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: from Theory to Applications, pages 311-324, 2004

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Christian Collberg ^(HP), Edward Carter ^(HP), Saumya Debray ^(HP), Andrew Huntwork ^(HP), Cullen Linn ^(HP), and Mike Stepp ^(HP)
Dynamic Path-Based Software Watermarking
In SIGPLAN '04 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, june 2004

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Gael Hachez ^(HP)
A Comparative Study of Software Protection Tools Suited for E-Commerce with Contributions to Software Watermarking and Smart Cards
PhD thesis, Universite Catholique de Louvain, March 2003

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D. Curran ^(HP), N.J. Hurley ^(HP), and M. O. Cinneide ^(HP)
Securing Java through Software Watermarking
In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Principles and practice of programming in Java, pages 311-324, 2003

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Patrick Cousot ^(HP) and Radhia Cousot ^(HP)
An abstract interpretation-based framework for software watermarking
In Principles of Programming Languages 2003, POPL'03, pages 311-324, 2003

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Christian Collberg ^(HP), Ginger Myles ^(HP), and Andrew Huntwork ^(HP)
Sandmark-A Tool for Software Protection Research
IEEE Security and Privacy, 1 no. 04 pp. 40-49, 2003

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Christian Collberg ^(HP), Stephen Kobourov ^(HP), Edward Carter ^(HP), and Clark Thomborson ^(HP)
Error-Correcting Graphs for Software Watermarking
In 29th Workshop on Graph Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, juli 2003

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Jasvir Nagra ^(HP), Clark Thomborson ^(HP), and Christian Collberg ^(HP)
Software Watermarking: Protective Terminology
In Proceedings of the ACSC 2002, 2002

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Jasvir Nagra ^(HP), Clark Thomborson ^(HP), and Christian Collberg ^(HP)
A Functional Taxonomy for Software Watermarking
In Michael J. Oudshoorn ^(HP), editor, Twenty-Fifth Australasian Computer Science Conference (ACSC2002), Melbourne, Australia, 2002. ACS

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Christian S. Collberg ^(HP) and Clark Thomborson ^(HP)
Watermarking, Tamper-Proofing, and Obfuscation - Tools for Software Protection
In IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, volume 28, pages 735-746, aug 2002

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Geneviève Arboit ^(HP)
A Method for Watermarking Java Programs via Opaque Predicates
In The Fifth International Conference on Electronic Commerce Research (ICECR-5), 2002

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Ramarathnam Venkatesan ^(HP), Vijay Vazirani ^(HP), and Saurabh Sinha ^(HP)
A Graph Theoretic Approach to Software Watermarking
In 4th International Information Hiding Workshop, Pittsburgh, PA, April 2001

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Christian Collberg ^(HP) and Gregg Townsend ^(HP)
SandMark: Software Watermarking for Java
2001

Describes a software watermarking tool for Java that embeds and recognizes dynamic watermarks encoded as a graph data structure built during the execution of a program.

Keywords: software watermark, java, dynamic watermark

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Ramarathnam Venkatesan ^(HP), Vijay Vazirani ^(HP), and Saurabh Sinha ^(HP)
A graph theoretic approach to software watermarking
In Information Hiding Workshop '00, March 2000

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J. Palsberg ^(HP), S. Krishnaswamy ^(HP), Kwon Minseok ^(HP), D. Ma ^(HP), Qiuyun Shao ^(HP), and Y. Zhang ^(HP)
Experience with software watermarking
In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC '00, pages 308-316. IEEE, 2000

Describes results of gathered from using an implementation of the Collberg Thomborson algorithm to watermark some Java programs. The paper has a good detailed description of the design desicions and data structures used in building the watermarking system as well as the spacetime overhead of watermarks. Although, it discusses possible attacks and methods of tamperproofing against them, the authors do not consider the resilence of their watermark under any of these named attacks.

Keywords: java, software watermark

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Akito Monden ^(HP), Hajimu Iida ^(HP), and Ken ichi Matsumoto ^(HP)
A Practical Method for Watermarking Java Programs
In The 24th Computer Software and Applications Conference, pages 191-197, 2000

Describes a method of watermarking java classes that embeds a static mark in an injected method encoded in the ordering of opcodes and choice of argument. Although the authors discuss two attacks, decompile/recompile and obfuscation, they do not address the relatively straightforward global instruction aliasing attacks.

Keywords: java, static watermark

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Julien Stern ^(HP), Gael Hachez ^(HP), Francois Koeune ^(HP), and Jean-Jacques Quisquater ^(HP)
Robust Object Watermarking: Application to Code
In Information Hiding Workshop '99, pages 368-378, 1999

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Josef Pieprzyk ^(HP)
Fingerprints for Copyright Software Protection
In M. Mambo ^(HP) and Y. Zheng ^(HP), editors, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Information Security, ISW'99 (LNCS 1729), pages 178-190, Germany, 1999. Springer

Broadly discusses issues of protecting software intellectual property, distinguishing between fingerprints which the author considers to be universally verifiable and software watermarks, which he considers to be recoverable only by the owner. Introduces two methods of fingerprinting, one by encoding the watermark in the choice of equivalent instructions and a second by adding redundant states in the behaviour of the program during a particular execution.

Keywords: software watermark

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David Naccache ^(HP), Adi Shamir ^(HP), and Julien P. Stern ^(HP)
How to copyright a function?
Public Key Encryption '99, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1999

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Akito Monden ^(HP), Hajimu Iida ^(HP), Ken ichi Matsumoto ^(HP), Katsuro Inoue ^(HP), and Koiji Torii ^(HP)
Watermarking Java Programs
In International Symposium on Future Software Technology '99, pages 119-124, October 1999

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Christian Collberg ^(HP) and Clark Thomborson ^(HP)
Software Watermarking: Models and Dynamic Embeddings
In Proceedings of Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL'99, pages 311-324, 1999

Introduces and formally defines software watermarking as well as providing an outline of what is involved in embedding, tamperproofing and recognizing watermarks. Provides a comprehensive taxonomy of software watermarking techniques and describes categories of attacks.

Keywords: software watermark, attacks, tamperproofing, formal, discussion

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Akito Monden ^(HP), Hajimu Iida ^(HP), and others ^(HP)
A Watermarking Method for Computer Programs (in Japanese)
In Proceedings of the 1998 Symposium on Cryptography and Information Security, SCIS'98. Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, January 1998 Keywords: java, static watermark

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C. Collberg ^(HP) and C. Thomborson ^(HP)
On the Limits of Software Watermarking
1998

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I. Krsul ^(HP) and E. H. Spafford ^(HP)
Authorship Analysis: Identifying the Author of a Program
In Proc. 18th NIST-NCSC National Information Systems Security Conference, pages 514-524, 1996